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Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous indoor organic pollutants that are found in different building and consumer materials and are known to cause severe human health problems. In this paper, the emission of these compounds from vinyl floorings (VF) into indoor air has been studied using Automated Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (ATD-GC-MS) and a special device known as micro-chamber or thermal extractor (μ-CTE™). So a robust analytical ATD-GC-MS method has been developed and validated to analyse eight selected phthalates. Calibration curves were linear (R2 > 0.99), limit of detection (LOD) was down to 0.004 μg/m3, and the values of relative standard deviation (RSD) were less than 15% for all chosen phthalates. Then, a new micro-chamber measurement method based on diffusion has been developed for studying the emission of Diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) and Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) from VF at different temperatures and estimating y0 (gas-phase concentration of phthalates on the surface of the material). This method was quite repeatable with 11% RSD for DiNP and 8% for DnOP.
Highlights
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) are organic molecules of vapor pressure ranging between 10-9 and 10 Pa [1] and boiling temperature between 240 to 400 0C [2]
Development of the micro-chamber method When studying the emission of phthalates from vinyl floorings (VF) using the micro-chamber, y0 of Diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) increased from 3.4 μg/m3 at 25 °C to 291.3 μg/m3 at 80 °C, and that of Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) from 0.5 μg/m3 at 40 °C to 24.7 μg/m3 at 80 °C
Validation of the developed Automated thermal desorption (ATD)-gas chromatography connected to mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method As shown in the chromatograms of figure 1, all peaks of the 6 chosen phthalates were well separated while DiNP and DiDP signals appear as several peaks since they are composed of a mixture of isomers
Summary
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) are organic molecules of vapor pressure ranging between 10-9 and 10 Pa [1] and boiling temperature between 240 to 400 0C [2]. Phthalates, a family of SVOCs, are a group of synthetic chemical compounds that are commonly and widely used in daily used consumer products [3], [4], [5] They are added as plasticizers and solvents to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) floorings, wall coverings, electrical cables, and personal care products to enhance their properties [6]. These compounds are physically bound to the polymers to which they are added and are susceptible to leach from their hosting materials and be slowly emitted into indoor environments [4], [5], [7]. Research studies have showed that phthalates cause development and reproductive problems, asthma, and allergies in children [9]
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