Development of Modern Racism Scale in Global Airlines: A Study of Asian Female Flight Attendants.

Myoungjin Yu,Sunghyup Sean Hyun

doi:10.3390/ijerph18052688

Myoungjin Yu, Sunghyup Sean Hyun

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052688

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Abstract

Due to the globalization of the airline industry, global airlines are focusing human resource management on diversity strategies and employing flight attendants of various races. Multinational flight attendants have brought many positive results; conversely, discrimination has led to negative phenomena such as racism. Nevertheless, research focusing on global airline racism in tourism studies is unprecedented. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a modern racism scale rating the discrimination perceived by Asian female flight attendants on global airlines. It was developed following Churchill’s eight steps (1979). This study derived measurement items through a literature review, in-depth interviews, first and second expert surveys, and a preliminary survey. These items were developed on a scale through a validity and reliability assessment and were finally confirmed as six dimensions and 24 measurement items. Lastly, research implications were discussed.

Highlights

The globalization of the airline industry in the 2first century has made it faster and more convenient for tourists to travel abroad, and it has significantly contributed to various economic developments [1,2]
This study aims to improve the level of racism perception through the development of a modern racism scale reflecting the perception of Asian female flight attendants through an inductive approach
Measurement items in this study model have eliminated some items through the scale purification process

Summary

Introduction

The globalization of the airline industry in the 2first century has made it faster and more convenient for tourists to travel abroad, and it has significantly contributed to various economic developments [1,2]. Despite efforts to prevent racism, subtle modern racism is happening without difficulty [6,7,8]. Corita (2008) mentioned that the subtle modern racism in the global workplace is much more frequent than the overt, old-fashioned one; most work-related studies have focused on preventing and imposing old-fashioned racism, and they are in an early stage in the understanding of modern racism [6]. Research focusing on global airline racism in tourism studies is unprecedented. The purpose of this study is to (1) develop a scale of modern racism for Asian female flight attendants by applying the intersectionality theory, and (2) confirm its theoretical validity through a correlation by which the theoretically related gold standard variables are empirically relevant for the newly developed modern racism scale

Objectives

Results

Conclusion