Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of lead-free polycrystalline BaTiO3 (BT) and Ba0.95Ca0.05Ti0.95Sn0.05O3 (BTCS) ceramics. The ceramics were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction route. Rietveld analysis confirmed a tetragonal symmetry (space group P4mm) in BT ceramic, and a double-phase coexistence of tetragonal and orthorhombic (space group Amm2) symmetry in BTCS ceramic at room temperature. The dielectric study revealed a decrease in the Curie temperature (TC) from 114 °C to 72 °C and an increase in the orthorhombic-tetragonal (TOT) phase transition temperature from 9 °C to 27 °C in comparison to the same structural transitions of BT system. Further, the BTCS ceramic exhibited a relaxor ferroelectric behavior with frequency dispersion and diffused phase transitions. Due to the T-O phase coexistence, significant enhancements in the dielectric and piezoelectric properties were observed in the BTCS ceramic at room temperature, with a giant RT dielectric constant (Ɛr) ∼ 4380 at 1.5 kHz frequency, piezoelectric coefficient (d33) ∼ 431 pC/N, electrostrain (S) ∼ 0.142%, and converse piezoelectric coefficient (d33 *) ∼ 403 pm/V.
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