Abstract
Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) is a new form of reproductive invitro fertilization (IVF) which works on the principle of replacing a women's abnormal mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) with the donor's healthy one. MRT include different techniques like spindles transfer (ST), pronuclear transfer (PNT) or polar body transfer (PBT). Transmission of defective mitochondrial DNA to the next generation can also be prevented by using these approaches. The development of healthy baby free from genetic disorders and to terminate the lethal mitochondrial disorders are the chief motive of this technique. In aged individuals, through in vitro fertilization, MRT provides the substitution of defective cytoplasm with cured one to enhance the expectation of pregnancy rates. However, moral, social, and cultural objections have restricted its exploration. Therefore, this review summarizes the various methods involved in MRT, its global status, its exaggerated censure over the years which depicts a strong emphasis for social acceptance and clinical application in the world of medical science.
Highlights
Mitochondrial Replace Therapy referred to as “Mitochondrial Donation technique” (Jose et al, 2017) pertains to the category of techniques in which the embryo possessing the nuclear DNA of the parents is subjected to the invitro fertilization (IVF) procedure to have mitochondrial DNA of the donor female (Schaefer and Labude, 2017)
Ovarian stimulation cycles and oocyte manipulations were performed in New York and transplantation of the reformed embryo to the female's womb was accomplished at Affinity clinic in Guadalajara, Mexico, prior to which the consent was sought from Internal review board (IRB) of the Mexican clinic (Cohen, 2018)
Mitochondrial disorders destabilize the nuclear genome in mature oocytes, leading to embryo aneuploidy resulting in infection (Wolf et al, 2015)
Summary
Mitochondrial Replace Therapy referred to as “Mitochondrial Donation technique” (Jose et al, 2017) pertains to the category of techniques in which the embryo possessing the nuclear DNA of the parents is subjected to the IVF procedure to have mitochondrial DNA of the donor female (Schaefer and Labude, 2017) In this era of advanced scientific technologies, MRT aims to treat the infecundity of the diseased females and provide them a suitable chance to have biologically related healthy offspring (Kaur and Nagpal, 2017). Registered point mutations in mitochondrial DNA are relatively uncommon and linked with a wide range of mitochondrial diseases influencing the retina, brain, optic nerve, muscle, endocrine organs, heart and liver (Graff et al, 2002; Zeviani and Carelli, 2003). Mt-DNA deletions build up with the ageing process and may contribute to the bioenergetics inability of older muscle fibres and neurons, leading to sarcopenia and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's (Wallace, 2010)
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