Development of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Trigonelline Biomarker fromTrigonella foenum-graecumSeeds Followed by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic and High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analyses

Abstract

An efficient and fast microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was developed for extracting trigonelline as an indicative biomarker for the quality control of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. The MAE procedure was optimized and compared with other conventional extraction techniques. The optimal conditions of MAE were 50% methanol as solvent, solid—liquid ratio 1:20 g mL−1, irradiation power 40%, and two extraction cycles, 3 min each. The proposed extraction technique produced a maximum yield of 7.89 mg g−1 trigonelline in 6 min which was 1.28 and 2.20 times more efficient than 3 h of heat reflux and 15 h of maceration extraction, respectively. Furthermore, rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the quantification of trigonelline were established and validated. The methods were found to be simple, sensitive, precise, accurate, and specific for the estimation of trigonelline in T. foenum-graecum seeds extract and overcame disadvantages ...