Abstract
The paper provides data on the use of the Malus sieboldii Rehd. as a genetic donor of economically valuable traits in breeding low-vigorous clonal apple rootstocks. The method of embryo culture is proposed as a way to increase the efficiency of distant crosses. The studies were carried out using seeds obtained in three combinations of crossing (M. sieboldii x Malysh Budagovskogo, M. sieboldii x 60-160, M. sieboldii x 76-3-6). As sterilizing agents when introduced into culture in vitro, we used industrial disinfectant «Belizna (Whiteness)», the sanitizer «Ecocid C» + «Belizna» and the sanitizer «BioPag C» + «Belizna». It was found that additional pretreatment with «Ecocid C» (1.0%) and "BioPag C" (0.4%) for 50 minutes before using the disinfectant «Belizna» contributes to the production of sterile explants up to 61.5% compared to the control. The best results were obtained when combine using «Ecocid C» (1.0%, 50 min.) and «Belizna» (50%, 5 min.). After 28 days, due to the low number of developing embryos, the method of dissection of a part of the cotyledons of hybrid seeds was used. As a result, up to 65.3% of hybrid plants were obtained, compared to 4.2% of the control.
Highlights
For the selection of clonal apple rootstocks, the problem of obtaining forms, resistant to negative biotic and abiotic factors of the environment, has arisen in recent decades.Plants of Malus sieboldii Rehd. were used as a promising genetic donor of economically valuable traits in breeding new apple rootstocks [1,2].Malus sieboldii Rehd. belongs to the genus Malus, section Sorbomalus, series Toringonae (Rehd.) This species is of ancient origin
After 14 days of cultivation of seeds after dissection of cotyledons, it was found that this method allows obtaining up to 65.3% of hybrid plants (Fig. 3)
It was found that additional pretreatment with «Ecocid C» (1.0%) and «BioPag C» (0.4%) for 50 minutes promotes the production of sterile explants up to 61.5% compared to the control
Summary
For the selection of clonal apple rootstocks, the problem of obtaining forms, resistant to negative biotic and abiotic factors of the environment, has arisen in recent decades.Plants of Malus sieboldii Rehd. were used as a promising genetic donor of economically valuable traits in breeding new apple rootstocks [1,2].Malus sieboldii Rehd. belongs to the genus Malus, section Sorbomalus, series Toringonae (Rehd.) This species is of ancient origin. Belongs to the genus Malus, section Sorbomalus, series Toringonae (Rehd.) This species is of ancient origin. The species of the Sorbomalus section formed in the Tertiary period in Central and East Asia, the natural introduction and selection has led to a high polymorphism of the Malus sieboldii species, which is expressed phenotypically, and genetically. Since this species is evolutionarily old and quite polymorphic, there are conflicting data in the literature on the genetic characteristics of its representatives.
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