Abstract
The risk of accidents involving light hydrocarbons is caused by the physicochemical properties of the components, primarily propane and butane. The most catastrophic accidents involving these substances were on November 19, 1984, in the city of San Juan Ixhuatepec (Mexico) and on June 4, 1989, on the Asha - Ulu-Telyak section (USSR), in each of which more than 500 people died. The novelty of the study is determined by the requirement to ensure industrial and fire safety of storage facilities for light hydrocarbons by predicting probable zones of air flow stagnation. The authors calculated the formation of probable air stagnation zones for various space-planning solutions by using a three-dimensional modelling system and the finite volume method. The paper developed a methodology for assessing the safety of storage facilities for light hydrocarbons in emergency situations, which is based on the analysis of probable air stagnation zones by using three-dimensional modelling systems. The practical significance of the study is determined by the additional development of a parameter for assessing the safety state of a storage facility for light hydrocarbons (Ks) and a resulting parameter (Kr) for calculating the optimal location of structures and their structural changes. Integration of stagnation zone sizes into a single formula with the results of other safety calculations is an urgent scientific and applied problem.
Highlights
Light hydrocarbons are found in oils, natural combustible gases, and gases from petroleum refining [1]
To test the developed methodology, an Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) storage (LPGS) was chosen, which is one of the widespread facilities that store a large number of light hydrocarbons [20]
The discharge of LPG from railway tanks into the tanks of the storage facility occurs through the discharge posts by gravity and under gas pressure
Summary
Light hydrocarbons are found in oils, natural combustible gases, and gases from petroleum refining [1]. These include hydrocarbons with carbon content in the C1-C6 range [2] and are a mixture of the alkane class hydrocarbons [3]. Light hydrocarbons of different fractional composition are stored in reservoirs both in “pure” form and in a mixture with other additives [4]. Substances such as methane and ethane are rarely stored, mostly transported to consumers immediately after extraction [5]. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas liquids (NGLs) contain significant proportions of light hydrocarbons (C3-C6) [7]
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