Abstract

Satellite tracking technology has been used to reveal the migration patterns and flyways of migratory birds. In general, bird migration can be classified according to migration status. These statuses include the wintering period, spring migration, breeding period, and autumn migration. To determine the migration status, periods of these statuses should be individually determined, but there is no objective method to define 'a threshold date' for when an individual bird changes its status. The research objective is to develop an effective and objective method to determine threshold dates of migration status based on satellite-tracked data. The developed method was named the “MATCHED (Migratory Analytical Time Change Easy Detection) method”. In order to demonstrate the method, data acquired from satellite-tracked Tundra Swans were used. MATCHED method is composed by six steps: 1) dataset preparation, 2) time frame creation, 3) automatic identification, 4) visualization of change points, 5) interpretation, and 6) manual correction. Accuracy was tested. In general, MATCHED method was proved powerful to identify the change points between migration status as well as stopovers. Nevertheless, identifying “exact” threshold dates is still challenging. Limitation and application of this method was discussed.

Highlights

  • 1.1 Satellite tracking “Satellite tracking” or “satellite telemetry” is the process of measuring and processing information received from satellites to determine the location and/or characteristics of the signals

  • The research objective of this study is to develop an effective and objective method to determine threshold dates of migration status based on satellite-tracked data

  • Because there were lacking tracking periods where migration status had been changed, threshold dates were not detected well, except the threshold dates between wintering and spring migration, and change points between stopovers during spring migration

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Summary

Introduction

1.1 Satellite tracking “Satellite tracking” or “satellite telemetry” is the process of measuring and processing information received from satellites to determine the location and/or characteristics of the signals. The development of satellite telemetry in the late 1980s allowed the first in-depth studies of animal movement patterns (Coyne and Godley, 2005). Satellite tracking technology has been used to reveal the migration patterns and flyways of migratory birds (Higuchi and Pierre, 2005). In this field, the Service Argos emerged as the predominant satellite-based system for tracking wildlife (Argos, 1996). To determine the migration status, periods of these statuses should be individually determined. There is no objective method to define 'a threshold date' for when an individual bird changes its status.

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