Abstract
Hardmetals are tungsten carbide (WC)-based composites, which are made of WC as a hard phase and transition metals such as Co, Fe, or/and Ni as ductile binder matrices. Their properties can be mainly tailored through the grain sizes of the sintered carbides and the amount of metallic binder. As successful tool materials, hardmetals are widely applied in metal cutting, wear applications, chipless forming, stoneworking, wood, and plastic working. In 2017, about two-thirds of tungsten consumption (including recycled materials) were produced for hardmetals in the world. This paper briefly introduces the development of manufacturing technology on WC–Co hardmetals from three aspects: powder preparation, bulk densification, and performance characterization. Two special WC–Co hardmetals are also described: cobalt-enrichment zone (CEZ) hardmetals, and binderless hardmetals. Furthermore, the development prospects for manufacturing techniques of hardmetals are also presented in the end.
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