Abstract
Treated sullage water could be the answer to urban water scarcity. In this study, urban sullage water was subjected to various tests to determine a number of physiochemical parameters, heavy metal content and coliform count. Obtained results were compared with the Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) water samples. The sullage water was then treated using a proposed filtration system with indigenous gravel-coal-sand filter. The pH, chlorine (Cl<sup>−</sup>) and phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>) of the sullage water, DWASA water and treated sullage water were found to be within the allowed limit set by Bangladesh Drinking Water Quality Standard. The nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>1−</sup>), BOD, DO, coliform and phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>) of the sullage water exceeded both the Bangladesh and WHO standard. The amount of toxic heavy metals, lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury and arsenic, were determined to be below the standards. The results indicated that sullage water is not safe and the treated one is safe from toxic heavy metals for household use. The significant portion of treated water can be reutilized which is equivalent of 29% savings from the annual DWASA water bill. The quality of the treated sullage water revealed that it can be reused for cleaning, washing, bathing in household activities along with other agricultural and industrial purposes.
Highlights
Water is a finite resource, which makes up 75 % of the total volume of the earth
Water quality analysis on laboratory scale To understand the quality of Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority (DWASA), sullage and treated sullage water in this study, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, total suspended solid, total dissolved solid, turbidity, pH, BOD, DO, nitrate, phosphate, chlorine, Cd, Cr, Pb, As, Hg, total coliform and fecal coliform were determined for WASA water, sullage water and treated sullage water
The results indicated that sullage water is less safe, and the treated one was safer from toxic heavy metals for household use
Summary
Water is a finite resource, which makes up 75 % of the total volume of the earth. During the last 100 years, it has been observed that usage of water increased at the rate of double than the growth rate of the population. In Bangladesh, groundwater, which is naturally contaminated with arsenic, is the major source of drinking water for the majority of the population. The capital city of Bangladesh, has more than 45,000 people per square kilometer. About 1418 new comers add up to the Dhaka City population each day [8]. Wet areas around the river and river basin area in Dhaka City decrease gradually due to unplanned urbanization. The recharge area for ground water replenishment decreases significantly
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