Development of l-glutamic acid biosensor with ternary ZnO/NiO/Al2O3 nanoparticles

Abstract

Here, on-pot low-dimensional ZnO/NiO/Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by simple wet-chemical (co-precipitation) method and followed by the calcination at 500 °C into Muffle furnace. The details characterization of prepared NPs were executed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and UV–vis Spectroscopy (UV–vis). Using 5% Nafion adhesive, a layer of thin film of prepared ZnO/NiO/Al2O3 NPs was deposited onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE; surface area = 0.0316 cm2) to result the proposed enzyme-less l-glutamic acid (L-GA) sensor. From the details investigation of enzyme-less L-GA sensor applying electrochemical approach, a calibration curve was plotted from linear relation of current versus concentration of L-GA and the linearity of calibration plot was found in dynamic range (LDR) of 0.1 nM–0.01 mM. The slope of LDR (obtained from linear equation y = 0.915x+35.622) was used to calculate the sensitivity (S = m/A; 28.9557 μAμM−1cm−2), limit of detection (3SD/m; 95.35 ± 4.77 pM), and limit of quantification (10SD/m; 317.83 ± 15.89 pM) of L-GA sensor. The L-GA sensor was exhibited long-term stability in phosphate buffer phase, precious reproducibility, sensitivity, and short response time without any interference effects in presence of common electrolyte in biological samples. These features indicate that this research approach might be future prospective and promising sensor to detect L-GA in biomedical diagnosis.