Abstract
BackgroundThis study aims to explore the development of job demands, decision authority and social support within and between industries with different gender composition in Sweden between 1991 and 2013.MethodsCross-sectional data from 12 waves of the Swedish Work Environment Surveys (1991 to 2013), comprising in total 109,698 respondents, were used. Industries were classified in 7 categories according to its gender composition and main activity, comprising two female-dominated, three gender-mixed and two male-dominated industries. Proportions of workers reporting high job demands, low decision authority and poor social support between 1991 and 2013 were calculated. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate variation across time, using 1991 as the reference category, and between industries, using knowledge intensive services as the reference category. Estimates for high job demands, low decision authority and poor social support were presented as average marginal effects (AMEs).ResultsThe probabilities of reporting low decision authority were higher in education and health and social care during the whole study period, for both genders, compared with the reference category of knowledge intensive services. The probability of having high job demands were higher for men and women in education, and women in health and social care, compared with the reference category. Men in the male dominated industries had increased job demands over time, compared to the beginning of the study period (1991). The probability of reporting poor social support was higher in the later than in the earliest time period for women in the female-dominated industry health and social care as well as in the gender-mixed labour intensive services industry.ConclusionsThere has been a negative development of job demands and decision authority in the female-dominated industries education and health and social care in Sweden, whereas social support has developed more negatively for women in health and social care and in labour intensive services.
Highlights
This study aims to explore the development of job demands, decision authority and social support within and between industries with different gender composition in Sweden between 1991 and 2013
Estimates are reported as Average Marginal Effects, which can be interpreted as the average change in the probability (0 to 1) of reporting exposure to high job demands, low decision authority and poor social support in each of the group years compared with the reference group
Estimates are reported as Average Marginal Effects, which can be interpreted as the average change in the probability (0 to 1) of reporting exposure to high job demands, low decision authority and poor social support in each industry compared with the reference group
Summary
This study aims to explore the development of job demands, decision authority and social support within and between industries with different gender composition in Sweden between 1991 and 2013. Working life is organized in industries and workplaces, not by occupation nor gender This means that work life research that facilitates implementation of the findings, should follow the logic of the agents and arenas where the responsibility over the work environment is placed, such as employers, job designers, human resources departments and production engineers in organizations and establishments. It was concluded in a recent report by the Swedish Social Insurance Agency that the industry level is relevant in explaining some of the variation in sick leave rates on the Swedish labour market [4]
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