Abstract
Water pollution is a severe issue to the environment globally. The removal of the pollutant from the water sources are unavoidable and it can be achieved through new generation types of membrane, generally known as mixed-matrix membrane (MMM). However, the stability of single nanomaterials in mixed-matrix membrane remains as a major obstacle to obtain a stable membrane performance. Hence, the goal of the study is to investigate the effect of nanohybrid towards the enhancement of MMM followed by optimizing nanohybrid concentration that required to produce the desire membrane. First, graphene oxide (GO) and iron oxide decorated graphene oxide nanohybrid (Fe3O4/GO) were synthesized using modified Hummer’s method and co-precipitation in the presence of GO prior to the incorporation into polysulfone (PSf) matrix while the membranes were fabricated via phase inversion method. The optimal membrane, M5-0.6 (0.6 wt% Fe3O4/GO nanohybrid concentration) showed that, the hydrophilicity of the modified membrane increased by 11.42 % from 78.8° to 69.8° attributed to the presence of hydrophilic nanohybrid that favor the transport water molecules across the membrane. Associated with this, M5-0.6 membrane showed better permeation flux of 87.01 L/m2.h and Congo red rejection of 98 % as compared to neat membrane at 51.82 L/m2.h and 87 %. Additionally, the M5-0.6 membrane also experience better antifouling properties at high flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 95 % while the neat membrane showed lower FRR of 87 %. Besides, M5-0.6 membrane also showed better stability as indicated by the lower flux decline at 23 % as compare to neat membrane at 41 %.
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