Development of in situ gels of nano calcium oxide for healing of burns

Abstract

Abstract Background Wound closure is the prime objective in the treatment of deep and extensive burns, where the dermis layer is partially or completely destroyed and the inherent capability of spontaneous re-epithelialization is greatly reduced or absent leading to high mortality rate. Scar formation as a result of burn wounds results in aesthetic and functional impairment, causing emotional distress in patients. Induced regeneration of skin could be a solution to improve the quality of life of burned patients. Materials and methods Nano calcium oxide (NCO) was prepared by thermal decomposition method. In situ gels (ISG) were formulated using micronized xanthan gum and NCO in different concentrations by geometric mixing. The formulations were evaluated for their particle size, surface morphology, elemental composition, clarity, pH, gelling and in vivo burn wound healing properties. Results The average particle size and polydispersity index of NCO was found to be 345.3 nm and 0.23 respectively. Three formulations were prepared, each containing varied concentrations of NCO (12.5, 25 and 50 ppm). The SEM analysis of the formulation exhibited particle sizes ranging from 1 nm to 468 nm and EDX characterization showed intense peaks of calcium and oxygen. The percentage of wound size reduction was significantly increased in wounds treated with prepared in situ gels in contrast to commercial product (calcium alginate dressing) and control (untreated) group. With an increase in concentration of NCO, the rate of healing also increased. In situ gels containing 50 ppm of NCO exhibited a better rate of wound healing in comparison to other formulations, within a period of 15 days. Histopathological analysis indicated that in situ gels had better wound healing properties. Conclusion In situ gels of NCO were developed as a formulation for effective treatment of burns and to aid in skin regeneration.