Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop the capsules containing mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and black tea extract (BTE).
 Methods: MLE and BTE were prepared by maceration and determined for phytochemicals, in vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities using the enzymatic colorimetric assay. The granules of MLE and BTE were prepared by the application of liquisolid technique and evaluated for the flow properties. The selected granule formulation was filled into the hard gelatin capsule and evaluated for weight variation and disintegration.
 Results: The yields of MLE and BTE solid extracts were 8.12 and 4.23% w/w, respectively. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were 32.46±5.22 mg TAE/g DW and 44.03±3.37 mg QE/g DW for MLE and 244.66±23.28 mg TAE/g DW and 214.43±3.22 mg QE/g DW for BTE, respectively. The IC50 for alpha-amylase of MLE and BTE were 0.69±0.04 and 3.34±0.08 mg/ml, respectively; whereas those for alpha-glucosidase of MLE and BTE were 0.67±0.42 and 0.43±0.15 mg/ml, respectively. The granule prepared with MCC and silica at the ratio of 20:1 showed the highest flowability. The weight variation of the prepared MLE and BTE capsules was within the range of the limitation criteria of ±5%. The average disintegration time of capsules was 1.1±0.1 min.
 Conclusion: Herbal capsules of MLE and BTE were successfully prepared. The suitable carrier and coating were MCC and silica with a ratio of 20:1. This study revealed the potential application of liquisolid technique as a tool to produce a capsule of herbal crude extracts.
Highlights
Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders, namely hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia
Mulberry leaves are available in the form of dry leaf tea, dry leaf powder, and capsules of mulberry leaf extract
The herbal capsules containing granules of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and black tea extract (BTE) were prepared by the application of liquisolid technique, where the volatile solvent, namely hydroethanolic liquid, was used instead of nonvolatile solvents and characterized
Summary
Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders, namely hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. The available therapeutic approaches for relieving obesity contain a number of side effects. The new generations of nutraceuticals, as well as pharmaceutical ingredients that inhibit the breakdown of complex carbohydrate and fats within the gastrointestinal tract have been investigated. Retardation of glucose absorption through the inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, i.e., alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, in the digestive tract is another mechanism causing reduction of blood glucose level, resulting in lower caloric absorption [1]. Mulberry leaves have potential as a functional food source due to their biologically active compounds, including flavonoids, steroids, amino acids and vitamin [4]. Mulberry leaves contain a large number of iminosugar alkaloids including 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), which has strong inhibitory effects on mammalian glucosidase enzymes [1,2,3,4]. Mulberry leaves are available in the form of dry leaf tea, dry leaf powder (capsules or tablets), and capsules of mulberry leaf extract
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