Abstract
In this study, cloud point extraction combined with molecular spectrometry as an eco-friendly method is used for extraction, enrichment and determination of bendiocarb (BC) insecticide in different complex matrices. The method involved an alkaline hydrolysis of BC followed Emerson reaction in which the resultant phenol is reacted with 4-aminoantipyrene(4-AAP) in the presence of an alkaline oxidant of potassium ferric cyanide to form red colored product which then extracted into micelles of Triton X-114 as a mediated extractant at room temperature. The extracted product in cloud point layer is separated from the aqueous layer by centrifugation for 20 min and dissolved in a minimum amount of a mixture ethanol: water (1:1) followed the determination of BC by using spectrophotometry at a wavelength maximum of 470 nm. The most important parameters affecting the extraction and determination of BC are conducted via a classical optimization. Under the optimum conditions established , Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 0.1-4 µg mL-1 while the optimum concentration ranges estimated by Ringbom’s plot was of 0.4-2.12 µg mL-1. The enrichment factor was of 59.87 fold leading to achieve the limit of detection of 0.076 ?g mL-1. The proposed method gives superior sensitivity in terms of the molar absorptivity of 1.99x105 L mol-1 cm-1 and extraction efficiency of 98.0%. The established method is applied in the analysis of the spiked vegetables, orange, soil and water samples with appropriate concentration with BC standard.
Highlights
Bendiocarb classified as Nmethylcarbamate and its IUAPAC named as (2, 2Dimethyl-1, 3benzodioxol-4-yl) N-methylcarbamate, is a white to light brown powder with water solubility of 280 mg L-1 at 20oC and pH=7
Alkaline hydrolysis of Bendiocarb It was reported that all carbamate pesticides are hydrolyzed in alkaline medium to form phenols [2122]
Different alkaline media were preliminary examined at different concentrations (0.05-0.6 M) such as NaOH, KOH, NH3 and Na2CO3 to choose the best one that give the phenolic product of 0.1 μg mL-1 bendiocarb at λmax of 279 nm
Summary
Bendiocarb classified as Nmethylcarbamate and its IUAPAC named as (2, 2Dimethyl-1, 3benzodioxol-4-yl) N-methylcarbamate, is a white to light brown powder with water solubility of 280 mg L-1 at 20oC and pH=7. Bendiocarb as an insecticide is widely used in agricultural or residential purposes because of its importance in boosting crop production yields, and effective in controlling most diseases caused by harmful insects to humans and animals. As a result of increased use of this insecticide, it inevitably may have undesirable effects which can be up to be toxic to humans. In the light of this information, risk evaluation of any pesticide requires information on the toxicological properties and environmental toxicity of these compounds as well as their levels in food and environmental components [2]. The determination of pesticides in food and environmental matrices is challenge task due to their presence in too low concentrations, which requires the use of efficient method to extract the active ingredient from bulk sample before final assay
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