Abstract
Requirements for precise Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning have been significantly growing in Indonesia since early 2010, resulting from the national programs on village mapping, land cadastre certification, infrastructure developments, and one map policy. The activities require a sub-decimetre level of positioning accuracy to produce detail maps to the scale of 1:500. RTK positioning with CORS should be the most reliable technique to meet the accuracy level. However, the existing distribution of Indonesia CORS Network, consisting of 150 active stations, is still far from adequate since the inter-station distances are of around 500 km while an ideal range should be less than 50 km. This paper related to an initiative for the development of a GNSS receiver that can be transportable and easily set up in the field as a base station to provide RTK CORS correction services with local contents. The initiative supports national efforts on the densification of Indonesia CORS Network to better distribution. The development was started using the Tersus OEM GNSS board series BX305, including the integration of the board to a mini PC. Further developments have been made covering the following, namely: i) to add a long-term stable power supply in the receiver, ii) customization of receiver command settings, iii) to add a GSM modem and internet protocol for data communication from the receiver to a cloud server, iv) installation of SNIP software in a cloud server to provide CORS corrections with NTRIP caster, and v) testing the NTRIP client performance in the rover receiver. Results from the land cadastre surveys carried out in Bandung, Padang and Tangerang Cities show that the length of time for the fixed positioning with resolved ambiguities could be obtained within less than 5-7 seconds with the rover locations less than 10 km from the base station. A longer time to obtain fixed solutions required for the distance at the range of 10 to 20 km, and it is becoming more difficult to get fixed solutions over 20 km. Further developments would be carried out using affordable price GNSS OEM boards provided by different manufacturers.
Highlights
Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) Network consists of 150 stations, as of November 2018, is still inadequate to provide centimeter-level accuracy with Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning across the Archipelago since the average inter-station distance is of about 500 km
The distance is far from 50 km idealistic distribution that can provide fixed ambiguity resolution in ionospheric distribution (Chen et al 2001; Wielgosz et al 2005; Grejner-Brzezinska et al 2007), resulting in the users of the Indonesian CORS limited in numbers, namely of about 1,906 users (BIG Outlook, 2017)
The number of users would be growing significantly in the future as the CORS distribution is improving and costs of geodetic GNSS receivers could be significantly declining to an affordable price in the future
Summary
Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) Network consists of 150 stations, as of November 2018, is still inadequate to provide centimeter-level accuracy with Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning across the Archipelago since the average inter-station distance is of about 500 km. The number of users would be growing significantly in the future as the CORS distribution is improving and costs of geodetic GNSS receivers could be significantly declining to an affordable price in the future. Efforts on the development of geodetic GNSS receiver with local content are highly encouraged. The opportunity is growing since many re-known GNSS receivers producers are shifting to produce OEM boards which can be further developed by third parties to their applications. The motivation of the research is to develop CORSenabled GNSS receiver with local contents and affordable price. By providing an affordable CORS base receiver, this strongly supports the acceleration of the Indonesia CORS network densification leading to speed up the utilization of GNSS positioning techniques supporting national program on large-scale mapping from cities to village level. The research is inlined with Indonesia national program on technology independence
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