Abstract
Background/Aim: Aim of this study was to develop efficient mosquito repellent by combining fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) and cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum burmannii Blume) in a gel preparation form. Methods: Effectiveness of each oil and its combination as viral repellents was tested by the World Health Organization's Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) method. Repellent was prepared in gel form. Evaluation of gel preparation included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, flow properties, acute skin irritation test and effectiveness test as mosquito repellent. Results: The mosquito protection test for cinnamon oil showed that cinnamon oil was most effective at concentration of 15 % (96.85 %), and fennel oil at 24 % concentration (79.26 %). Within 6 hours, gel made of 24 % fennel oil and 15 % cinnamon oil combination gave protection against 53.49 % mosquitoes. Conclusion: The combination of cinnamon oil and fennel oil can be formulated into gel form with satisfying physical and chemical characteristics and effectiveness against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for 6 hours.
Highlights
Aedes mosquitoes are a type of mosquito that is usually found in the tropics
Plant ingredients such as fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) contain anethole that can serve as a repellent
The concentration of cinnamon oil and fennel oil was used in the formula that is determined based on preliminary test results, fennel oil was used in 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 24 % concentration and cinnamon oil was used in 5 %, 10 %, 15 % concentration
Summary
Aedes mosquitoes are a type of mosquito that is usually found in the tropics. Its name is derived from the Greek word aedes, which means "unpleasant". Development of Gel for Aedes aegypti repellent with combination of cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum burmannii Blume) and fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). Gelled preparations have good active absorption capability on the skin, it is easy washed it away with water, they are highly adhesive when used on hair and skin without clogging the pores.[5, 6] Plant ingredients such as fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) contain anethole that can serve as a repellent. Cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum burmannii Blume) has cinnamaldehyde compounds that are toxic to mosquitoes This substance has a potential to be used to make mosquito gel preparations, because the smell and taste is not favoured by mosquitoes. The combination of both plants is expected to work synergistically as a mosquito repellent.[7, 8]
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