Abstract
The use of liquid hydrogen as a fuel will be inevitable in the aviation of the future. This statement means that manufacturers will also implement liquid hydrogen for cooling all superconducting aviation equipment of an electric propulsion system. The development of fully electric aircraft is the most promising solution in this case. Scientists from the Department of electrical machines and power electronics of Moscow aviation institute have conducted calculations and theoretical researches of critical specific mass-dimensional parameters (MW/ton and MW/m3 at 21 K) of fully superconducting aviation synchronous generator of the electric propulsion system. The results are in this article.
 The article discusses the results 3D finite element modeling (FEM) simulation of a 5 MW fully superconducting synchronous generator with combined excitation. Superconducting armature and axial excitation windings based on second generation high temperature superconductors (HTS-2G) are located on the stator, which makes it possible to contactlessness and the absence of sliding seals. A dry gap will reduce gas-dynamic losses and increase the nominal peripheral speed of the rotor. The use of liquid hydrogen as a coolant makes it possible to significantly increase the linear load of the generator, and high current densities to reduce the cross-sectional area of the coils, which will make it possible to place them in individual cryostats in the future. Individual cryostats will allow to remove the heat release of magnetic losses from the cryogenic zone and reduce the consumption of refrigerant. For the purpose of internal redundancy of the HTS coils, the machine has a complete set of reserve winding made of ultrapure aluminum, also cooled by liquid hydrogen. If the superconducting coils get out of the stand, the generator will provide 15 % power on standby
Highlights
Development of the electric propulsion systems for future electric aircrafts is one of the most important challenges in aviation science
Such a transition requires new electrical equipment that can operate at cryogenic temperatures of liquid hydrogen, which will be used as fuel for future aircraft
The article describes an approach to the development of the fully superconducting 5 MW aviation generator with liquid hydrogen cooling for future aircrafts, which is being carried out at the Moscow Aviation Institute
Summary
Development of the electric propulsion systems for future electric aircrafts is one of the most important challenges in aviation science. Advanced propulsion systems for future electric aircraft are being developed around the world [1,2,3]. Moving away from fossil fuels and transition to clean hydrogen energy involves the use of electric machines to produce thrust in future aircraft. Such a transition requires new electrical equipment that can operate at cryogenic temperatures of liquid hydrogen, which will be used as fuel for future aircraft. This equipment includes aircraft generators, which are the main source of electrical energy on an aircraft.
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