Abstract
The object of research is the composition of the fire-resistant swelling coating. The main problem of electric cables fire protection in a confined space is a high concentration of toxic substances in the composition of combustion products, which makes it difficult fire extinguishing works. This is due to the fact that the cables polymer insulation (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride) and traditional flame retardant coatings based on epoxy and phenolic resins contain potentially hazardous substances. These substances during combustion are form toxic compounds (chlorine, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide). Experimental studies of various compositions based on the silicone resin were carried out to solve the problem of creating a non-toxic fire-resistant swelling coating. This has allowed to develop optimal recipe of fire-resistant coating the components of which do not emit nontoxic substances under fire conditions. The original test procedure for coatings for fire resistance, with exposure to samples of the open flame of a gas burner was applied during the study that is more consistent with the conditions of a real fire. The temperature on a back surface of the sample was controlled during the experiments. The functional dependence of the fire-resistant properties of coatings on the concentration of components was obtained The optimal composition of the fire-resistant swelling coating was obtained, which contains: ammonium polyphosphate 65±2 %; pentaerythritol – 1 5 ±2 %; melamine – 1 0 ±2 %; aluminum and magnesium hydroxides – 5±1 % by fine fillers weight. The proposed composition of the fire-resistant coating content has an increased content of ammonium polyphosphate, which mainly determines the good flame retardant properties. The developed composition as a whole meets the requirements for fire resistance and has advantages over similar fire-resistant compounds in terms of toxicity level.
Highlights
The development of fire-resistant materials and coa tings in Ukraine is a strategic direction in the sphere of rational use and protection of material and fuel-energy resources
The relevance of the composition optimization of fire-resistant intumescent coatings is due to the fact that they are relatively thin-layered, do not emit a significant amount of toxic substances when heated, and have a high flame retardant efficiency
The foam-coke is a solid porous structure with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, which is able to pro tect the surface from the effects of the flame for some time
Summary
The development of fire-resistant materials and coa tings in Ukraine is a strategic direction in the sphere of rational use and protection of material and fuel-energy resources. The relevance of the composition optimization of fire-resistant intumescent coatings is due to the fact that they are relatively thin-layered, do not emit a significant amount of toxic substances when heated, and have a high flame retardant efficiency. The thickness and volume of fire-resistant coating increase tens of times at the action of high temperature due to the for mation of a non-flammable and solid foamed layer (coke) with a density of 3∙10–3–3∙10–2 g/cm and a of thermal conductivity coefficient like thermal conductivity of air. The fire-resistant coatings are especially effective in fires in confined spaces of engineering structures – ship rooms, nuclear and thermal power stations, at petrochemi cal enterprises and other potentially dangerous objects
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