Abstract
This paper considers the prospect of improving the level of environmental safety of industrial enterprises resulting from the implementation of a resource-saving technology for processing the wastes of galvanic production by a ferritization method using the electromagnetic pulse activation of the process. The influence of different activation techniques of the ferritization process has been experimentally determined: thermal and electromagnetic pulse at stable technological parameters (С Σ =10.41 g/dm 3 ; Z=4/1; рН=10.5; τ=25 min; ʋ=0.15 m 3 /h) on the degree of extraction of heavy metal ions from galvanic wastes. It has been shown that the best processing indicators were achieved at the following mode characteristics for generating electromagnetic pulse discharges: the amplitude of magnetic induction 0.298 Tl, the frequency of pulses from 0.5 to 10 Hz. Such an activation technique ensures the proper degree of heavy metal ions extraction – 99.97 % enabling the use of purified solutions at an enterprise water circulation system. A structural study has been performed into the phase composition and physical properties of ferritization sediments. The environmentally safe ferritization sediments that were obtained under the thermal and electromagnetic pulse activation techniques are characterized by a high degree of compaction, exceeding 90 %, and the crystalline structure with the maximum content of ferrite phases with magnetic properties. In addition, as shown by experiments on heavy metal leaching, these sediments are characterized by a high degree of their immobilization, which reaches 99.96 %, in contrast to galvanic sludge from the neutralization of wastewater, <97.83 %. The method of electromagnetic pulse activation also has the undeniable energy advantages compared to the high-temperature one: energy costs are reduced by more than 42 %. The proposed process for galvanic waste processing by the improved method of ferritization prevents pollution of the environment, ensures efficient and rational use of water, raw materials, and energy in the system of galvanic production
Highlights
Water pollution is one of the main risk factors for human health
Ukraine annually accumulates in specially designated places about 2.26 million tons of toxic wastes from acids, alkalis, and salts, and 0.98 million tons of galvanic sludge, which is considerably greater than in other European countries [3]
As shown by the results from a series of experiments (G3÷G9), a change in the mode characteristics of electromagnetic pulse discharge generation affects the efficiency of extraction of heavy metal ions from the reactive mixture
Summary
Water pollution is one of the main risk factors for human health. Toxic wastewater from galvanic production, as well as waste water purification products, are of particular danger, given the high content of toxic compounds of heavy metals. Of special importance is the possibility of further development and implementation of environmentally reliable, low-waste and energy-saving technologies Employing such technologies makes it possible to effectively remove the ions of heavy metals from galvanic sediments and waste water and to construct closed water supply systems. One of the promising methods for processing galvanic waste is the ferritization method [6] Using this method makes it possible to receive chemically resistant compounds of heavy metal ferrites, harmless to the environment, from high-temperature treatment of solutions with an alkaline reagent and oxygen of air. This method ensures a high degree of heavy metal ions extraction from the reactive mixture [7]. It is a relevant task to develop and comprehensively study a cost-effective processing of galvanic wastes
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