Abstract
An electronic nose (E-nose) system equipped with a sensitive sensor array was developed for fast diagnosis of aphid infestation on greenhouse tomato plants at early stages. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by tomato plants with and without aphid attacks were detected using both the developed E-nose system and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Sensor performance, with fast sensor responses and high sensitivity, were observed using the E-nose system. A principle component analysis (PCA) indicated accurate diagnosis of aphid-stressed plants compared to healthy ones, with the first two PCs accounting for 86.7% of the classification. The changes in VOCs profiles of the healthy and infested tomato plants were quantitatively determined by GC-MS. Results indicated that a group of new VOCs biomarkers (linalool, carveol, and nonane (2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethyl-)) played a role in providing information on the infestation on the tomato plants. More importantly, the variation in the concentration of sesquiterpene VOCs (e.g., caryophyllene) and new terpene alcohol compounds was closely associated with the sensor responses during E-nose testing, which verified the reliability and accuracy of the developed E-nose system. Tomato plants growing in spring had similar VOCs profiles as those of winter plants, except several terpenes released from spring plants that had a slightly higher intensity.
Highlights
Plant diseases and pests infestation have resulted in large economic losses in agriculture production.For example, one trail estimated that tomato yield loss resulting from insect damage was around30% [1]
The results indicated that the developed was three groups are separated from each other, confirming the distinct difference of tomato plant profiles before after aphid attacks. difference
An E-nose system was successfully developed for a fast diagnosis of aphid-stressed tomato plants at early infestation stages
Summary
Plant diseases and pests infestation have resulted in large economic losses in agriculture production.For example, one trail estimated that tomato yield loss resulting from insect damage was around30% [1]. It is difficult to determine the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of infested plants during the asymptomatic stages, in which the infestation features were not obvious. Another challenge lies in the difficulty of detecting infestations in a timely and economic manner. The most widely used technologies for the diagnosis of plant pests are laboratory-based methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [4,5,6,7]. These methods are time-consuming, expensive, and destructive. A more recent technology is the detection of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from plants, which has received extensive attention
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