Development of EPDM composites reinforced by CNTs@SiO2 for thermal protection systems of aerospace propulsion: Significant improvement in oxidation and ablation resistance properties

Abstract

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composites (PMCs) is widely used as insulation materials in thermal protection system of aerospace propulsion. However, CNTs are prone to oxidation and have high thermal conductivities, which makes it difficult to improve the ablation resistance of insulation materials that contain CNTs. SiO2 was encapsulated onto the surface of CNTs (CNTs@SiO2), which were then added to Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber to prepare the insulation materials. Thermogravimetric analysis and ablation test were used to evaluate the resistance of the insulation materials to thermal oxidation and ablation. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was performed to analyze their microstructures. Results revealed that the addition of CNTs@SiO2 could visibly reduce the effects of hot corrosion and ablation on insulation materials. The C-CNTs@SiO2-1 formulation had the best ablative resistance. Further, compared with the unencapsulated formulation (C-CNTs-10), the C-CNTs@SiO2-1 formulation reduced the line ablation rate by 51% to 0.0130 mm/s after oxygen-acetylene experiments. Lastly, the ablation mechanism was investigated based on the effects of the CNTs@SiO2 additive on their properties. Thus, the improvement in ablation performance may be attributed to CNTs@SiO2-induced decreases in thermal conductivity, improvement in the hot corrosion resistance in the char layer, and changes in the microstructure.