Development of environmental friendly bioinoculate for peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) production in Eastern Ethiopia

Anteneh Argaw

doi:10.1186/s40068-017-0100-y

Abstract

BackgroundBacterial bioinoculate is one of environmentally friendly input for crop production. Several works revealed that effectiveness of Rhizobium bioinoculant have been affected by the native rhizobia population. Hence, this study was initiated to evaluate the effect of selected Bradyrhizobium in nodulating peanut in the major growing areas of Ethiopia.MethodsThe effect of eight effective Bradyrhziobium vis-a-vis 20 kg N ha−1 and the control check on the nodulation and yield of two peanut cultivars (Sedi and Werer 942) at Babile and Fedis, eastern Ethiopia, during 2013 cropping season was evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that the inoculation, location and cultivar and their two and three ways interaction had a significant influence on the nodulation and grain yield. Inoculation of Bradyrhizobium increased the nodule number, nodule dry weight, number of seeds per plants, total pods weight, hundred seeds weight, total biomass yield, grain yield and shelling % up to 37, 24.9, 22.4, 22.5, 5.5, 26.2, 35.8 and 24.1%, respectively. Isolate HUGNR-29 was found to be more effective as it scored the highest nodule dry weight and grain yield. Application of inorganic N increased the yield and yield components of peanut in either of locations. Though the statistically better effective nodule % was recorded at Babile, significantly higher nodule number, nodule dry weight, and total N accumulation were obtained from Fedis than Babile site. Significantly higher total pods weight, hundred seeds weight, total biomass weight, grain yield and total plant N accumulation was recorded with the cultivar werer-962 than those produced with Bati-Sedi.ConclusionsThe result showed that Bradyrhizobium inoculation is essential to improve the peanut production through environmentally and economically sustainable ways though the soil native rhizobia nodulating peanut was high. Peanut cultivar and study site based rhizobia inoculant development is also important.

Highlights

Bacterial bioinoculate is one of environmentally friendly input for crop production
Least significance difference (LSD) was calculated to discriminate the effect treatment on the measured plant traits at 5% probability. Nodulation This field inoculation experiment was conducted at Fedis and Babile sites where the native rhizobia of peanut were 2.6 × and 3.3 × rhizobia of peanut g−1 soil, respectively as estimated by the most probable number (MPN) method
The result of the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the main effect of inoculation (I), locations (L) and cultivar (C) and their two and three ways interaction significantly affected the pooled nodule number (NN) and nodule dry weight (NDW) at P < 0.05 (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Bacterial bioinoculate is one of environmentally friendly input for crop production. Several works revealed that effectiveness of Rhizobium bioinoculant have been affected by the native rhizobia population. This study was initiated to evaluate the effect of selected Bradyrhizobium in nodulating peanut in the major growing areas of Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, the total planted area was 443000 ha and a production of 103.7 M ton of grain as it has been reported in the 2014 cropping. Up to 18% of the tested fast and slow growing rhizobia isolated from cowpea are able to form effective nodules with peanut (Thies et al 1991; Mpepereki et al 1996). Several studies have already shown phenotypically and genetically diverse bradyrhizobia isolates nodulating peanut (Li et al 1999; Zhang et al 1999). Peanut is nodulated by fast-growing rhizobia such as Rhizobium giardini and Rhizobium tropici (Huang 1990; Taurian et al 2006). The contribution of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) through peanut-rhizobia symbiosis has been reported as 40.9 kg ha−1 (Okito et al 2004)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion