Abstract
The introduction of electromobility contributes to an increase in energy efficiency and lower air pollution. European countries have not been among the world’s leading countries in this statistic. In addition, there have been different paces in the implementation of electromobility in individual countries. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the directions of change and the degrees of concentration in electromobility in European Union (EU) countries, especially after the economic closure as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific objectives are to indicate the degree of concentration of electromobility in the EU and changes in this area, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic; to determine the dynamics of changes in the number of electric cars in individual EU countries, showing the variability in this aspect, while also taking into account the crisis caused by COVID-19; to establish the association between the number of electric cars and the parameters of the economy. All EU countries were selected for study by the use of the purposeful selection procedure, as of December 31, 2020. The analyzed period covered the years 2011–2020. It was found that in the longer term, the development of electromobility in the EU, measured by the number of electric cars, is closely related to the economic situation in this area. The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the economic situation in all EU countries, but has not slowed down the pace of introducing electromobility, and may have even accelerated it. In all EU countries, in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the dynamics of introducing electric cars into use increased. The growth rate in the entire EU in 2020 was 86%, while in 2019 it was 48%. The reason was a change in social behavior related to mobility under conditions of risk of infection. COVID-19 has become a positive catalyst for change. The prospects for the development of this type of transport are very good because activities related to the development of the electromobility sector perfectly match the needs related to the reduction of pollution to the environment.
Highlights
The main goal of the article is to determine the directions of change and the degree of concentration in electromobility in European Union (EU) countries, especially after the economic closure as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic
Countries; showing the variability in number of electric cars, while taking into account the crisis caused by COVID-19; establishing an association between the number of electric cars and the parameters of the economy, including during the COVID-19 pandemic period
In 2011, electric cars were used in 19 EU countries, and in 2014, in all member states
Summary
Negative Externalities of Car Use. Use of cars contributes to climate change. Global car mobility continues to grow [1]. This is because transport is a key factor for the regional, national and international economy. Road transport directly contributed to around 20% of CO2 emissions in Europe [2,3,4,5]. In addition to climate change caused by greenhouse gases, toxic tailpipe emissions and road noise pose an increasing threat to air quality and life in urban areas. Road traffic contributes significantly to the emission of soot particles, directly increasing the risk of lung disease [7].
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