Abstract
This article reviews recent developments in droplet microfluidics enabling high-throughput single-cell analysis. Five key aspects in this field are included in this review: (1) prototype demonstration of single-cell encapsulation in microfluidic droplets; (2) technical improvements of single-cell encapsulation in microfluidic droplets; (3) microfluidic droplets enabling single-cell proteomic analysis; (4) microfluidic droplets enabling single-cell genomic analysis; and (5) integrated microfluidic droplet systems enabling single-cell screening. We examine the advantages and limitations of each technique and discuss future research opportunities by focusing on key performances of throughput, multifunctionality, and absolute quantification.
Highlights
Cellular heterogeneity arising from stochastic expressions of genes, proteins and metabolites is a key component of cell biology and, analyzing individual cells can better reveal cell-to-cell variations which are masked by bulk measurements [1,2]
As a subset of microfluidics, droplet microfluidics involves the production of microscale droplets of one fluid within a second immiscible carrier fluid in a high-throughput manner, leading to promising applications in a variety of fields including directed evolution, tissue printing, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [24,25,26,27,28,29]
We summarize key developments of droplet microfluidics enabling single-cell analysis
Summary
Cellular heterogeneity arising from stochastic expressions of genes, proteins and metabolites is a key component of cell biology and, analyzing individual cells can better reveal cell-to-cell variations which are masked by bulk measurements [1,2]. In the field of single-cell analysis, droplet microfluidics is promising since each cell can be individually. Rather within than aitscomprehensive review, thismolecules mini review is aimed to briefly summarize key in the confined fluid surrounding the encapsulated single cells [30,31,32,33]. Developments in the applications of droplet microfluidics in single-cell analysis, which includes. Rather than a comprehensive review, this mini review is aimed to briefly summarize key (1) prototype demonstration of single-cell encapsulation in microfluidic droplets; (2) technical developments in the applications of droplet microfluidics in single-cell analysis, which includes (1). We examine proteomic microfluidic analysis; (4) microfluidic dropletsenabling enabling single-cell single-cell genomic analysis; and (5) integrated microfluidicand droplet systems enabling single-cell and screening.
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