Development of Current COVID-19 Vaccines, A Review

Abstract

The virus known as severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 is extremely pathogenic. and has already give rise to worldwide contagious pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 new variations, particularly the Omicron strain, are a major global concern. To reduce the spread of virus, considerable efforts have been made towards the development of effective vaccines and drugs against SRAS-CoV-2. The current available vaccines include inactivated vaccines (Sinopharm and Sinovac), protein-based vaccines (Novavax), DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines (Moderna and Pfizer), viral vector vaccines (Oxford-AstraZeneca). These various vaccinations act in different ways to improve human immunity with their own strengths and drawbacks but both of them could work very effectively to prevent infection. In this review, recently significant progress in the development of COVID-19 vaccination, including vaccine type, efficacy and safety issues, and variant protection are summarized.