Abstract
Single crystals of n-Bi-Sb solid solutions with Sb content of 7–15 at.% are the most efficient thermoelectric (TE) materials over the temperature range of T ≤ 200 K. However, the use of these materials for construction of real thermoelectric devices are limited due to low mechanical strength. In this paper, for strengthening Bi-Sb single crystals, the method of the extrusion in a liquid medium under high hydrostatic pressure has been developed. The thermoelectric properties of Bi0.91Sb0.09 extruded crystals and single crystals were studied over the entire temperature range of 77–200 K. The high dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ~0.95 was obtained for the Bi0.91Sb0.09 single crystal measured in the transverse magnetic field. Unique thermoelectric coolers for operating temperatures below 100 K based on the n-type Bi0.91Sb0.09 leg and a passive leg based on a high-temperature YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor (HTSC) films have been constructed. The achieved maximum value of temperature difference ΔT = 14 K and the maximum cooling capacity Qc = 0.4 W (the temperature of the hot side of cryogenic module Th = 80 K, an electric current I = 6.4 A and a voltage V = 0.10 V) makes evident that using of the Bi-Sb extruded crystals in place of single crystals for the cryogenic coolers is more reasonable due to much better mechanical properties and similar values of cooling capacity.
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