Abstract
We developed a SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit vaccine formulation containing dual TLR ligand liposome adjuvant. The vaccine-induced robust systemic neutralizing antibodies and completely protected mice from a lethal challenge. Two immunizations protected against lung injury and cleared the virus from lungs upon challenge. The adjuvanted vaccine also elicited systemic and local anti-Spike IgA which can be an important feature for a COVID-19 vaccine.
Highlights
Respiratory tract infections remain the top cause of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide[1]
The explosive outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) that led to the COVID-19 pandemic underlines a persistent threat of respiratory tract infectious diseases and warrants preparedness for a rapid response
Arunachalam et al recently evaluated the potential of adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) to elicit the neutralizing response in monkeys
Summary
Respiratory tract infections remain the top cause of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide[1]. All the five adjuvants tested induced substantial neutralizing antibody titers, different profiles of Th1-Th2 responses as well as varying levels of protection against SARS-CoV-2 were observed depending upon the adjuvant platform[10]. The TLR4 agonist GLA favored a mucosal IgA response whereas TLR 7/8 agonist 3M-052 elicited a robust systemic Th1 response This adjuvant can be used for mucosal immunization, and an intranasal route of administration was found to be important for the generation of these immune responses[13]. Based on these observations, we tested the protective capability of adjuvanted Spike vaccine using the SARS-CoV-2 K18hACE2 mouse infection model[14]
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