Abstract
This study aims to develop and evaluate an automated manual transmission (AMT) for agricultural tractors with high efficiency and high convenience by using electric actuators. An AMT system to control manual-type shuttle gearboxes and transmissions for tractors is developed by adding a shuttle shifting actuator, a clutch actuator, and a control system to a conventional manual transmission (MT). The clutch actuator is designed using an electric motor and a reduction gear. The AMT control system is developed and experimental tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the AMT. The results of the performance of the actuator position control demonstrate that the shuttle shifting actuator and clutch actuator are controlled appropriately, achieving a maximum overshoot of less than 5% and 0%, a settling time of less than 0.500 s and 1.50 s, and a steady-state error of less than 1% and 1%, respectively. The performance of the automatic forward and reverse control demonstrates a shift control time of less than 2.50 s and target revolutions per minute (RPM) reaching time of less than 3.00 s. Thus, AMT systems for tractors can be easily developed by applying shuttle shifting actuators, clutch actuators, and a control system to conventional manual transmissions.
Highlights
Tractors are work machines that are used in various fields, such as agriculture, construction, and forestry, and their demand and frequency of use are expected to increase continuously [1].In particular, agricultural tractors are vehicles that carry out agricultural work by attaching various agricultural implements, such as plows, rotators, and balers [2,3]
The purpose of this study was to develop an automated manual transmission (AMT) for agricultural tractors by adding electric actuators to conventional manual transmissions, because this system has a higher power transmission efficiency than conventional hydraulic systems and more convenience than manual transmissions
In manual transmission tractors, but the design of the transmission control unit (TCU) is required to apply an AMT to a tractor
Summary
Tractors are work machines that are used in various fields, such as agriculture, construction, and forestry, and their demand and frequency of use are expected to increase continuously [1]. Agricultural tractors are vehicles that carry out agricultural work by attaching various agricultural implements, such as plows, rotators, and balers [2,3]. The international tractor market has an expected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.02% over the forecast period of 2020–2025 [4]. The tractor market in the Asia–Pacific region accounts for about 50% of the world market. The transmission is the most important component in determining the working efficiency among the various components of the tractor, and research into the efficiency and automation of the.
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