Development of continuous solution growth method for growth of large and high-quality perovskite single crystals

Abstract

Large perovskite single crystals with high quality cannot be obtained by traditional batch-type solution growth techniques, impeding their use in commercial applications. We report on developing a continuous solution growth (CSG) method that enables the growth of large, high-quality perovskite single crystals such as methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3), as well as triple-cation mixed hybrid. A 40 × 40 × 2 mm3 MAPbBr3 single crystal grown by this method, has a high mobility-lifetime (µτ) product of 3.3 × 10−3 cm2·V−1 and a low trap density of 8.22 ± 0.02 × 108 cm−3. Photoconductors (Au-MAPbBr3-Au) with a low dark current density of 3.9nA·cm−2 at 0.83 V·mm−1 exhibit excellent photons detection of both UV–visible and X-ray photons. For UV–visible photons, the responsivity is about 1.5 A·W−1 and 1.3 A·W−1 to 405 nm and 532 nm photons, respectively; for X-ray sensitivity is up to 2.35 × 105 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and the lowest detection limit is 15.7 nGyair·s−1. High-contrast X-ray images were obtained with a large (40 mm × 40 mm) pixelated detector with 800 µm × 800 µm pixels. These results demonstrate that the CSG technique can produce high-quality, large perovskite single crystals for commercial applications, including photodetection and ionization radiation detection.