Abstract
In this study, a quantitative analysis of nitrate in aqueous solution was performed through the combination of an oxazine170 perchlorate–ethyl cellulose (O17-EC) membrane with aluminum-containing compounds. Aluminum of Devarda’s alloy (DA) or a clay hydrotalcite (HT) was employed for the reduction of nitrate to produce ammonia, and the produced ammonia was detected by the O17-EC membrane. The method of combining the O17-EC membrane with aluminum compounds has showed a broad detection range of nitrate. That is, the DA was combined with the O17-EC membrane and showed the linear nitrate detection ranges of 1–10 mM and 10–100 mM, while the O17-EC membrane immobilized with the clay HT showed a linear detection range of 0.1–1 mM nitrate. The visual color transition of the nitrate-sensing membranes at different nitrate concentrations was clearly observed under sunlight or irradiation of a light-emitting diode (LED) at an excitation wavelength of 470 nm (LED470).
Highlights
According to the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States (U.S.), nitrate (NO3 − )is one of the parameters that must be determined for the evaluation of water quality in the environment, drinking water, and wastewater
Despite the situation involving nitrate detection via ammonia products, in this study, we present a fluorescent membrane, the oxazine 170 perchlorate–ethyl cellulose (O17-EC) membrane for sensing nitrate in aqueous solution
The produced ammonia in Equation (2) self-dissociates in aqueous solution to form ammonium cations that are usually determined via the colorimetric method or typical electrochemical methods
Summary
According to the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States (U.S.), nitrate (NO3 − )is one of the parameters that must be determined for the evaluation of water quality in the environment, drinking water, and wastewater. Nitrate is toxic to humans, especially infants less than 6 months of age, at concentrations that exceed 10 milligrams nitrogen per liter (mg-N/L) in drinking water [1]. It promotes the eutrophication of algae, leading to the pollution of lakes, rivers, etc. A common method for nitrate detection is based on the reduction of nitrate to nitrite with copperized cadmium. The Griess assay has been accepted for many years and is still preferred today due to the continuous repairs and refinements that have been made to this method to achieve higher sensitivity [6,7] and a low limit of detection (LOD, e.g., LOD = 0.05 μM) [8]. Besides the Griess assay, the reductive reaction of nitrate is exploited to develop electrochemical electrodes [9,10]
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