Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluating the development of the permanent cuspids in children from Paraíba with cleft lip and palate applying the Nolla and the Demirjian methods. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an inductive approach and applying a comparative statistical procedure and direct documentation research technique. The universe of the study consisted of children assisted at the orthodontic practice of the Brazilian Association of Dentistry - Paraíba Section. The sample comprised 72 pairs of panoramic radiographs of children with and without cleft lip and palate from the same gender and, age difference of up to 30 days, ranging from 5 to 13 years of age. The study has evaluated the development of 576 cuspids. The images were evaluated by three duly calibrated examiners concomitantly, and the calcification stages were determined by a consensus. The stages of the cuspids calcification were evaluated in the panoramic radiographs according to Nolla and Demirjian classifications. Results: The average of the calcification stage of teeth was correspondingly higher in the control group than in the case group, showing a development delay of the cuspid teeth in the cleft lip and palate patients. The lower cuspids were significantly more developed than the upper cuspids (p <0.001). There were no significant differences between the sides. There was early tooth development in females but without significant difference. Conclusion: It was possible to note that patients with cleft lip and palate presented a delay in the development of the permanent cuspids when compared to non-cleft lip and palate patients, thus, reinforcing the importance of the individualization of the orthodontic planning.
Highlights
The physiological age of a person is determined by the maturation stages of the several tissues of the human body
Evaluating the permanent cuspid teeth in the cleft lip and palate group by the Demirjian method, it was verified that the calcification stage “E” was the most frequent, while in the non-cleft lip and palate group, the “F” stage was the most frequent in the four teeth
Applying the Nolla methodology in the cleft lip and palate group, the highest frequencies were seen in stage “7”, while in the non-cleft lip and palate group, the highest frequencies were seen in stage “8”
Summary
The physiological age of a person is determined by the maturation stages of the several tissues of the human body. Panoramic radiographs are necessary to classify the cycle and the code of tooth formation according to the previously established stages, such as the methodologies proposed by Nolla [5] and Demirjian, Goldstein and Tanner [6]. This is a very useful technique as it is extraoral and low cost, demanding shorter time and making it possible to evaluate the maxillomandibular region with lower radiation dose [7]
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