Abstract
In this study, magnetic maghemite nanoparticles, which belong to the group of metal oxides, were functionalized with chitosan, a non-toxic, hydrophilic, biocompatible, biodegradable biopolymer with anti-bacterial effects. This was done using different synthesis methods, and a comparison of the properties of the synthesized chitosan functionalized maghemite nanoparticles was conducted. Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Characterizations of size distribution were performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and laser granulometry. A chitosan functionalization layer was confirmed using potentiometric titration on variously synthesized chitosan functionalized maghemite nanoparticles, which is important for further immobilization of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, after activation of chitosan functionalized maghemite nanoparticles with glutaraldehyde (GA) or pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), immobilization studies of enzyme cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were conducted. Factors influencing the immobilization of enzymes, such as type and concentration of activating reagent, mass ratio between carrier and enzyme, immobilization time and enzyme concentration, were investigated. Briefly, microparticles made using the chitosan suspension cross-linking process (MC2) proved to be the most suitable for obtaining the highest activity of immobilized enzyme, and nanoparticles functionalized with chitosan using the covalent binding method (MC3) could compete with MC2 for their applications.
Highlights
Magnetic metal oxides exhibit exceptional micromagnetic properties, such as magneto-caloric effect, magneto-optic effect and superparamagnetic behavior, which makes them technologically important.Some of the applications of nanocrystalline metal oxides are key components in the production of ceramics, catalysis, sensors, transparent conductive films, electro-optical and electro-chromic devices [1,2]
More available amino groups were associated with better enzyme immobilization efficiency and more stable immobilization, which was demonstrated in MC3 nanoparticles, where we achieved 37.2%
This work reports on the synthesis and characterization of metal (γ-Fe2 O3 ) oxide nanoparticles, which were further functionalized with chitosan using three different synthesis methods
Summary
Magnetic metal oxides exhibit exceptional micromagnetic properties, such as magneto-caloric effect, magneto-optic effect and superparamagnetic behavior, which makes them technologically important. Great interest to hydrophilic, biodegradable, and anti-bacterial [10,11] This biocompatible, polymer has been used successfully to colloidally stabilize metal oxide nanoparticles, The preparation chitosan modified is ofthrough great interest to researchers [10,11]. Described the immobilization of cholesterol esterase (ChEt) and cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) via glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker onto sol–gel-derived silica (SiO2 )/chitosan (CHIT)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-based nanobiocomposite film deposited onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass. The direct immobilization of HRP and ChOx enzymes on chitosan functionalized metal oxide micro- and nanoparticles for possible use in enzyme-based biosensors reported in this article contributes an important new development in this research field
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