Abstract
We investigated the larvicidal potential of 10 plant essential oils (EOs) against the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. Among the EOs, larvicidal activity against Ae. albopictus was strongest in those derived from massoia (Massoia aromatica) and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans). Larvicidal activities of massoia and nutmeg EOs against Ae. albopictus were 95.0% and 85.0% at 50 μg/mL, respectively. A total of 4 and 14 compounds were identified from massoia and nutmeg, respectively, and two massoia lactones, C10 and C12, were isolated from massoia EO. Among the identified compounds, benzyl salicylate, terpinolene, C12 massoia lactone, sabinene, benzyl benzoate, methyl eugenol, and C10 massoia lactone exhibited the strong larvicidal activity. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-stabilized Pickering emulsions of massoia and nutmeg EOs were developed to overcome the insolubility of EOs in water. CNC/massoia and CNC/nutmeg emulsions were stable for at least 10 days, and larvicidal activities of CNC/massoia PE and CNC/nutmeg were higher than those of crude massoia and nutmeg EOs. This study presents a CNC-stabilized PE, a suitable formulation for EOs, as a potential larvicide against Ae. albopictus.
Highlights
Plant EOs Blue cypress Hinoki Texas cedar Japanese cedar Fir needle Sprice, spruce Golden lotus Cubeb Massoia Nutmeg Control
We describe the larvicidal potential of 10 EOs against the third instar stage of Ae. albopictus to identify new and effective larvicides and analyzed the chemical composition of the two most promising ones
Diverse biological activities of massoia and nutmeg EOs have been documented, there have been no reports on larvicidal activity of massoia EO especially against mosquito species including Ae. albopictus
Summary
Benzyl salicylate, C12 massoia lactone, terpinolene, C10 massoia lactone, sabinene, benzyl benzoate, and methyl eugenol showed > 80% larvicidal activity at 25 μg/mL. Compounds α-Pinene (−)-α-Pinene (+)-α-Pinene Sabinene Myrcene α-Phellandrene α-Terpinene Limonene (-)-Limonene ( +)-Limonene γ-Terpinene Terpinolene Terpinen-4-ol Safrole Methyl eugenol Isoeugenol C10 massoia lactone Myristicin Elemicin C12 massoia lactone Benzyl benzoate Benzyl salicylate Total. Blue fluorescence represented CNCs stained with Calcofluor white, and red fluorescence represented EOs stained with Nile red Both massoia and nutmeg EOs were encapsulated in the CNC PEs (Fig. 5A,B).
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