Development of ceiling board using breadfruit seed coat and recycled low density polyethylene

C Umembamalu,F.C Nwoye,O.N Ezenwa,E.N Obika

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02712

C Umembamalu, F.C Nwoye + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02712

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Journal: Heliyon	Publication Date: Nov 1, 2019
Citations: 12	License type: cc-by

Affiliation: Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Ebonyi State University

Abstract

Conversion of agro wastes into potential raw materials for production has gained a lot of attention in research. This has led to the development of ceiling board using waste breadfruit seed coat and Recycled Low Density Polyethylene, as filler and binder respectively. The filler material (Breadfruit seed coat), was treated with 1 mol/dm3 of NaOH to eliminate the pigment and neutralized using 0.5 mol/dm3 Acetic Acid. After drying, the filler material was ground to a particle size of 600μm. Using Central Composite Design (CCD) tool of the Design Expert software, the experimental design was set up. From the design, thirty experimental samples were developed with the production parameters; press time, press pressure, press temperature and filler/rLDPE ratio as the independent variables. The produced samples were tested for Thermal Conductivity, Water Absorption, Thickness Swell and Density tests, which formed the responses for the Central Composite Design. The results of the experiment were analysed using the Response Surface Methodology while the validation was done using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The optimal values obtained for the production parameters are 19.722% filer/rLDPE, 10minutes press time, 197.31 °C press temperature and 9.042MPa press pressure, which gave a 775.661 g/cm3 density, 0.308% Water Absorption, 0.962% Thickness Swell and 0.367W/M.K Thermal Conductivity. This result shows that agro waste breadfruit seed coat is a good filler material for the production of ceiling board.

Highlights

The dominance of peasant farming in most developing countries, explains the abundance of agricultural and natural fibres in these countries since they produce a vast range of agricultural products like palm trees, rice, sugarcane and the rest of other crops (Akinyemi et al, 2016)
This implies that a mixture of 19.7% of bread fruit seed coat and 80.3% recycled low density polyethylene, compacted using a constant temperature hydraulic press at a temperature 197 C and 9.04MPa for 10minutes will give a ceiling board of 775.661 g/cm3 density, 0.308% Water Absorption, 0.962% Thickness Swell and 0.367W/M.K Thermal Conductivity
The low thickness swell means that the produced ceiling board will experience very little deformation when it comes in contact with moisture

Summary

Introduction

The dominance of peasant farming in most developing countries, explains the abundance of agricultural and natural fibres in these countries since they produce a vast range of agricultural products like palm trees, rice, sugarcane and the rest of other crops (Akinyemi et al, 2016). They are readily available in most parts of the world, and can reduce the consumption energy The use of these natural organic fibres help to conserve the limited available materials as well as environmental protection they have an important part to play in ecological cycle. Wastes such as of vegetables, food products, cotton stalk, sugarcane bagasse, paddy and wheat straw and husk, jute fiber, groundnut shell, wooden mill waste, coconut husk, etc, constitute a greater portion of the wastes generated from agricultural sources (Akinyemi et al, 2016). Despite the fact that a lot of agro-wastes have been utilized in the production of ceiling board, the utilization of bread

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