Development of Bonded Natural Stone Pavement Using Ultra-Rapid-Hardening Mortar

Eui-Seok Han,Junho Gong,Hoseong Jeong,Dooyong Cho

doi:10.3390/app10103576

Eui-Seok Han, Junho Gong + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103576

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Abstract

Bonded natural stone pavement has been typically used in historical neighborhoods to satisfy functional and architectural aesthetic standards. Despite its advantages, it has been barely applied to places for heavy traffic volume or high travelling speed because of various structural failures in joints and bedding courses. Ultra-rapid-hardening mortar for natural stone pavement was considered as an alternative to minimize these failures. The objective of this study is to develop bound stone pavement using the ultra-rapid-hardening mortar for high traffic volume and evaluate throughout by carrying out material tests, plate load test, accelerated pavement test (APT), and falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test. For the tests, four types of pavements, asphalt, concrete block, and two bound stone pavements, were produced in a testing facility. The bearing capacity of the sub-base course, which was asphalt and concrete, showed values 1.62 and 2.64 times higher than deemed satisfactory. Additionally, rut depth was measured using a transverse profile logger during the APT test and the test was terminated at 1.97 million cumulative equivalent single axle loads (ESALs). In the rut depth measurements, the deepest deflection (16.0 mm) was made in the asphalt pavement and the depth of the concrete block pavement was 4.5 mm. Vertical displacements of 3.0 and 1.5 mm were obtained in stone pavements A and B, respectively. The maximum pavement vertical deflection response was recorded at 0, 0.4, and 1.97 million ESALs. The response results revealed that they were influenced by the material types of either bedding or sub-base courses. With these outcomes, it would be possible to apply the baseline data for designing rigid small element pavement for heavy traffic volume or high travelling speed roads.

Highlights

Natural stones have generally been introduced as pavers for specific areas with low traffic volumes such as car parks, sidewalks, and historically preserved sites [1,2,3]
This was because the homogeneous bearing capacity should be determined for the analysis of long-term performance depending on the type of surface layer
There have been numerous studies of asphalt and concrete block pavements, limited research has been conducted by reviewing the performance using the accelerated pavement test (APT)

Summary

Introduction

Natural stones have generally been introduced as pavers for specific areas with low traffic volumes such as car parks, sidewalks, and historically preserved sites [1,2,3]. Stone pavements are frequently required in historic areas or cities because of their architectural beauty and environmental aspects [1,4,5,6]. The use of stone pavers for a historical aesthetic is suggested for areas with light traffic volume. Cracks in stone-paved structures are usually generated in various ways depending upon the source of distress. The majority of structural failures occur at the surface course, at the laying course and grouting filled in the gaps amongst stone elements.

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