Development of bismuth-rich bismuth oxyhalides based photocatalyst for degradation of a representative antibiotic under simulated solar light irradiation

Abstract

In this study, the novel 2D/2D S-scheme Bi12O15Cl6/BiOCl heterojunction was fabricated using a facile solvothermal followed by a post-thermal treatment process. The samples were characterized by various modern spectroscopy techniques. A series of Bi12O15Cl6/BiOCl heterojunctions were prepared by adjusting the molar ratio of Bi:Cl and the calcination temperature. The crystalline structure, morphology, elemental composition, and optical properties of nanocomposites strongly depend on the synthesis conditions. The sample prepared with Bi:Cl molar ratio of 2.0:1 and calcined at 400 °C (BOC-2.0-400) containing 29.55 wt% of BiOCl and 70.45 wt% of Bi12O15Cl6, exhibited the highest efficiency in the degradation of CIP solution under simulated solar light irradiation. The reaction rate constant was 2.5 times and 1.8 times higher than that of pristine BiOCl and Bi12O15Cl6, respectively. Under the experimental conditions of catalyst dosage of 0.7 gL-1, initial CIP concentration of 10 mgL-1 and pH8.8, CIP was completely degraded within 150 min of irradiation over the BOC-2.0-400. Furthermore, radical scavenging studies signified that O2●–, h+ are evolved in photocatalytic process. The experimental and characterization results provided evidenc that the excellent photocatalytic performance of Bi12O15Cl6/BiOCl heterojunction was facilitated by the construction of S-scheme charge transfer route with compact interface of 2D/2D morphology. The S-scheme Bi12O15Cl6/BiOCl heterojunction exhibited excellent visible light absorption ability, high photogenerated charge separation efficiency and maintained strong redox capacity for electrons and holes during CIP photodegradation. These findings provide a potential strategy for designing S-scheme heterojunction-based bismuth-rich bismuth oxyhalide photocatalyst to eliminate antibiotic residues.