Abstract
Recent studies of animal personality have focused on its proximate causation and ecological and evolutionary significance in particular, but the question of its development was largely overlooked. The attributes of personality are defined as between-individual differences in behaviour, which are consistent over time (differential consistency) and contexts (contextual generality) and both can be affected by development. We assessed several candidates for personality variables measured in various tests with different contexts over several life-stages (juveniles, older juveniles, subadults and adults) in the Northern common boa. Variables describing foraging/feeding decision and some of the defensive behaviours expressed as individual average values are highly repeatable and consistent. We found two main personality axes—one associated with foraging/feeding and the speed of decision, the other reflecting agonistic behaviour. Intensity of behaviour in the feeding context changes during development, but the level of agonistic behaviour remains the same. The juveniles and adults have a similar personality structure, but there is a period of structural change of behaviour during the second year of life (subadults). These results require a new theoretical model to explain the selection pressures resulting in this developmental pattern of personality. We also studied the proximate factors and their relationship to behavioural characteristics. Physiological parameters (heart and breath rate stress response) measured in adults clustered with variables concerning the agonistic behavioural profile, while no relationship between the juvenile/adult body size and personality concerning feeding/foraging and the agonistic behavioural profile was found. Our study suggests that it is important for studies of personality development to focus on both the structural and differential consistency, because even though behaviour is differentially consistent, the structure can change.
Highlights
The study of animal personality has recently become a central topic of evolutionary behavioural ecology
The attributes of personality are defined as between-individual differences in behaviour, which are consistent over time and contexts and both can be affected by development
We explored whether the correlations between the behavioural profile and the multivariate axes were qualitatively constant across the life stages, or if there was an Development of behavioural profile in the Northern common boa apparent change in the correlational matrix related to the developmental process
Summary
The study of animal personality has recently become a central topic of evolutionary behavioural ecology (reviewed in [1,2,3]). Development of behavioural profile in the Northern common boa (GACR) project Nr. 17-15991S (EL DF) (https:// gacr.cz/en/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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