Abstract
The development of new antimicrobial strategies that act more efficiently than traditional antibiotics is becoming a necessity to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Here we report the efficacy of laser-light-irradiated 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (mTHPP) loaded onto an ethylcellulose (EC)/chitosan (Chs) nanocomposite in eradicating multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Surface loading of the ethylcelllose/chitosan composite with mTHPP was carried out and the resulting nanocomposite was fully characterized. The results indicate that the prepared nanocomposite incorporates mTHPP inside, and that the composite acquired an overall positive charge. The incorporation of mTHPP into the nanocomposite enhanced the photo- and thermal stability. Different laser wavelengths (458; 476; 488; 515; 635 nm), powers (5–70 mW), and exposure times (15–45 min) were investigated in the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) experiments, with the best inhibition observed using 635 nm with the mTHPP EC/Chs nanocomposite for C. albicans (59 ± 0.21%), P. aeruginosa (71.7 ± 1.72%), and S. aureus (74.2 ± 1.26%) with illumination of only 15 min. Utilization of higher doses (70 mW) for longer periods achieved more eradication of microbial growth.
Highlights
The rapidly growing resistance of microbial pathogens against antibiotics must be considered as one of the most significant clinical challenges facing the world nowadays [1,2].The development of microbial resistance against most of the known classes of antibiotics has become an acute problem, in hospitals [3,4]
The antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of mTHPP-loaded EC/Chs nanocomposite was investigated for three pathogens
We designed and prepared mTHPP EC/Chs nanocomposite for laserinduced antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against multidrug resistant pathogens C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, and S
Summary
The rapidly growing resistance of microbial pathogens against antibiotics must be considered as one of the most significant clinical challenges facing the world nowadays [1,2].The development of microbial resistance against most of the known classes of antibiotics has become an acute problem, in hospitals [3,4]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Acinetobacter baumannii, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are increasingly identified as the predominant causative pathogens in patients, due to antibiotic misuse [1,5] to counteract this emerging public health problem there is an urgent need to develop and identify new antimicrobial strategies that are non-incursive, non-toxic, and more effective than the current antibiotics [1,2,3]. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is one of the longest known and most advanced procedures to counteract different pathogens [1,6,7].
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