Abstract

The use of probiotic starters can improve the sensory and health-promoting properties of fermented foods. In this study, we developed an anti-inflammatory probiotic starter, Limosilactobacillus reuteri EFEL6901, for use in kimchi fermentation. The EFEL6901 strain was safe for use in foods and was stable under human gastrointestinal conditions. In in vitro experiments, EFEL6901 cells adhered well to colonic epithelial cells and decreased nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages. In in vivo experiments, oral administration of EFEL6901 to DSS-induced colitis mice models significantly alleviated the observed colitis symptoms, prevented body weight loss, lowered the disease activity index score, and prevented colon length shortening. Analysis of these results indicated that EFEL6901 played a probiotic role by preventing the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improving gut barrier function, and up-regulating the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids. In addition, EFEL6901 made a fast growth in a simulated kimchi juice and it synthesized similar amounts of metabolites in nabak-kimchi comparable to a commercial kimchi. This study demonstrates that EFEL6901 can be used as a suitable kimchi starter to promote gut health and product quality.

Highlights

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease characterized by relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis under this definition (Witkowski et al, 2018)

  • To evaluate the hemolytic activity of the EFEL6901 strain, bacterial cells were inoculated on horse blood agar medium and incubated at 37◦C for 24 h

  • The EFEL6901 strain did not exhibit a clear area around the cell drop, whereas the positive control, L. monocytogenes did exhibit a clear area, which could be interpreted as hemolysis activity. These results indicate that the EFEL6901 strain did not have biogenic amine genes or hemolytic activity, so the strain is safe for use in food fermentation

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Summary

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease characterized by relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis under this definition (Witkowski et al, 2018). Studies have shown that the therapeutic use of antibiotics for IBD causes dysbiosis and changes in the microbial population, as well as dysregulation of the immune response, resulting in intolerance to treatment and secondary infection with Clostridium difficile (Sheehan et al, 2015; Nitzan, 2016). Microbialbased therapeutics, such as probiotics, have received considerable attention for the treatment and prevention of IBD due to their perceived natural and safe aspects (Jakubczyk et al, 2020). Probiotics can help alleviate IBD by enhancing mucosal barrier function, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, modulating immune responses, and altering gut microbiota composition (Witkowski et al, 2018)

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