Abstract
In this work, we have studied the integration of an optical signal-based Indoor Positioning System (IPS) capable of supporting multi-access discrimination techniques. The research analyzes the different techniques and conditions that can be used to develop an IPS using a microcontroller unit (MCU)-based system-on-chip (SoC) systems. The main goal is to be able to integrate into the MCU both the hardware and software requirements for an IPS detector. In this way, different strategies that can implement multi-access discrimination using Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) have been tested, such as I/Q demodulation, digital filtering, and discrete Fourier transform (DFT). This analysis has found a good technique to be executed in an MCU-based SoC, the DFT implemented through the Goertzel’s algorithm. The empirical tests carried out concluded that, using only one an MCU with the required HW and tuned SW, 15 position measurements per second were computed, with high accuracy in the 3-D positioning, with errors of less than 1 cm in a test area of 3.5 × 3.5 m 2 . The main contribution of the paper is the implementation of the optical signal based IPS in an MCU-SoC that includes signal acquisition and processing. The digital filtering or spectral processing for up to 16 received signals makes this IPS system very attractive from a design and cost point of view.
Highlights
Nowadays, in almost every facet of our lives, we are supported by positioning systems either outdoor or indoor, where we can enjoy multiple benefits from the development of Location Based Services (LBS)
In our case, which is positioned by angle of arrival of the signal coming from different LED lamps, and which is based on Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) as a technique for multiple-access discrimination
As it has been indicated, this work is framed within the development of Indoor positioning systems (IPS) based on the use of visible light emitted by the lighting systems of the buildings (VLP), which is one of the IPS developed within the GEINTRA research group of the University of Alcalá, which has been working in this area for a long time
Summary
In almost every facet of our lives, we are supported by positioning systems either outdoor (through global satellite systems and related applications) or indoor, where we can enjoy multiple benefits from the development of Location Based Services (LBS). In relation to optical signal-based IPS, several research works use LED lighting; the authors of References [26,27] obtained relevant positioning data to evaluate accuracy and precision. In our case, which is positioned by angle of arrival of the signal coming from different LED lamps, and which is based on FDMA as a technique for multiple-access discrimination (MAD), so far they have been implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based card. This card works together with another acquisition card developed by the research group from a PSD sensor.
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