Abstract
The extraction of barium ions by isooctane solutions of di-nonyl naphthalene sulfonic acid (HDNNS) and di-cyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) from aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride has been investigated. The extraction and the associated back extraction results suggest that this barium complex is a suitable oil tracer for petroleum related applications, such as measurement of Residence Time Distribution (RTD) and oil carry-over to the gas outlet in multiphase separators and scrubbers.
Highlights
Radioactive tracers are extensively used in industry as a problem solving tool, and they have been applied in the petroleum industry for several decades
We report on the extraction of barium with di-nonyl naphthalene sulfonic acid (HDNNS) and di-cyclohexano18-crown-6 (DC18C6), and the stability of this complex against saline waters
The barium chloride solutions were of 0.154 M NaCl and 0.1 M HCl
Summary
Radioactive tracers are extensively used in industry as a problem solving tool, and they have been applied in the petroleum industry for several decades. The radioactive decay of 137Cs (T1/2 = 30 y) to decay product 137mBa (T1/2 = 2.55 m), is an example of such a decay chain suitable for a radionuclide generator. The use of137mBa in process studies benefits from the short half-life. It provides the possibility of conducting consecutive measurements in close time intervals as residual activity will quickly have decayed. McDowell et al has reported on the extraction of barium in a system of naphthalene sulfonic acid and crown ether [1]. The naphthalene sulfonic acid is in practice a liquid ion exchanger, and the presence of crown ether seems to stabilize the complex. We report on the extraction of barium with di-nonyl naphthalene sulfonic acid (HDNNS) and di-cyclohexano18-crown-6 (DC18C6), and the stability of this complex against saline waters
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