Development of an Internet of Things Based Fire Detection and Automatic Extinguishing System for Smart Buildings

Abstract

Fire detectors and extinguishing systems are used for many purposes such as discovering the onset of fire outbreak, reporting outbreaks to concerned parties, managing risk, and as well as notifying the fire department and controlling the negative outcome of fire. This paper focuses on early fire detection and an extinguishing system, which aims to measure and detect anomalies of some specific variables that we found insightful (such as temperature, gas leakage, smoke) which can cause fire outbreaks in homes, offices etc. Notifications are sent to the registered number or desired personnel in charge VIA a push bullet application software and WhatsApp messages with the help of an online API system to inform them about possible fire outbreak on their properties while they are away from the building and also triggers the extinguishing system to stop the anomalies before or during the outbreak. This fire alarm is developed with a Node MCU ESP8266 board which support a Wi-Fi module, and other passive and active components. The board is controlled by a software program. It is used to monitor and perceive the environment for the onset of fire outbreak through the flame, smoke or gas, as well as temperature sensors. It helps to detect the possibility of fire outbreak from the first few seconds while a warning is generated by the system through text notification alert to the numbers registered via the WI-FI module using internet of things; simultaneously a DC fan is activated to reduce and put out both the temperature and fire respectively. In the end deploying this system reduced the risk of actual fire occurrence by 90% which is a good starting point for future improvement on system efficiency of the developed technique.