Abstract
This paper represents the design, fabrication, and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electrochemical microfluidic system for free calcium concentration detection with a 3D printing technique. Free calcium solutions with desired concentrations between 0 and 40 µM can be obtained. The solutions were used to calibrate the system by using an impedance analyzer for monitoring the impedance change to determine the operating frequency. Continuously, an IoT enabled point of care device was used for real-time detection and to send signals to the cloud for sharing. The relationship between the concentration and reactance are y = − 1.3812 Lgx + 0.9809 at a wavelength of 450 Hz, with an R2 of 0.9719. We measured the calcium concentration changing from 39.8 µM to 1.35 µM (nearly real-time) by the PoC device and showed the concentration changes resulting with time on the cell phone app. The results depicted in this paper provide a strong platform for the precise and real-time monitoring of different biomedical samples.
Highlights
Microfluidic devices are powerful tools for analytical chemistry, biology, diagnostics, and biomedical research
The semi-conductive sensors are widely used for different applications ranging from industrial [6], environmental [7,8,9] and health monitoring [10] due to their easy operating principle, robustness, adaptability, and low-resistance contacts
V was frequency to 5 different calcium solutions by the LCR meter
Summary
Microfluidic devices are powerful tools for analytical chemistry, biology, diagnostics, and biomedical research. Microfluidic devices can be miniaturized and integrated, thereby affording advantages such as easy handling, portability, and short operating time, low cost, reduced consumption of sample and reagents, and high sensitivity. The silicon sensors have been used constantly on a wide range of biomedical applications [11,12,13,14] due the ability to form devices with high sensitivity, long linear range and low limit of detection. Electrochemical biosensors are widely used as the components of portable lab-on-a-chip devices, which is one kind of the Point-of-Care (PoC) devices.
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