Abstract
Full function integrated, compact silicon photodiode based solid state neutral particle analyzers (ssNPA) have been developed for energetic particle (EP) relevant studies on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The ssNPAs will be mostly operated in advanced current mode with a few channels to be operated in conventional pulse-counting mode, aiming to simultaneously achieve individually proved ultra-fast temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution capabilities. The design details together with considerations on EAST specific engineering realities and physics requirements are presented. The system, including a group of single detectors on two vertical ports and two 16-channel arrays on a horizontal port, can provide both active and passive charge exchange measurements. ssNPA detectors, with variable thickness of ultra thin tungsten dominated foils directly deposited on the front surface, are specially fabricated and utilized to achieve about 22 keV energy resolution for deuterium particle detection.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONCompact solid state neutral particle analyzers with capabilities of ultra-fast temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution based on absolute extreme ultraviolet (AXUV) silicon photodiode have been developed on the tokamaks DIII-D,2 National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX3,4), and Alcator C-Mod, as well as the large field reversed configuration (FRC6) facility
Compact solid state neutral particle analyzers with capabilities of ultra-fast temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution based on absolute extreme ultraviolet (AXUV) silicon photodiode1 have been developed on the tokamaks DIII-D,2 National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX3,4), and Alcator C-Mod,5 as well as the large field reversed configuration (FRC6) facility.ssNPA in traditional counting mode was initially tested on NSTX3,4 and followed by C-Mod;5 it provided good spatial resolution together with a coarse spectral resolution of about 10–20 keV
With the success of a DIII-D three-channel near-vertical-view current mode ssNPA,2 the apertures on existing NSTX array were expanded to increase the particle influx and directly foil-deposited AXUV arrays were employed for FRC neutral particle bolometry
Summary
Compact solid state neutral particle analyzers with capabilities of ultra-fast temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution based on absolute extreme ultraviolet (AXUV) silicon photodiode have been developed on the tokamaks DIII-D,2 National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX3,4), and Alcator C-Mod, as well as the large field reversed configuration (FRC6) facility. With the success of a DIII-D three-channel near-vertical-view current mode ssNPA, the apertures on existing NSTX array were expanded to increase the particle influx and directly foil-deposited AXUV arrays were employed for FRC neutral particle bolometry.. SsNPA arrays operated in current mode on the DIII-D and NSTX tokamaks have typically 5 cm spatial resolution with both active and passive charge exchange (CX) measurement capability. Compared with conventional pulse-counting NPAs, current-mode operation sacrifices energy resolution to obtain economical, high-bandwidth, pitch-angle resolved measurements.
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