Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising therapeutic method for cardiac tissue regeneration. However, to monitor the fate of MSCs for tissue repair, a better stem cell delivery carrier is needed. Developing a unique injectable and shear-thinning dual cross-linked hybrid hydrogel for MSC delivery for cardiac tissue engineering is highly desirable. This hydrogel was synthesised using guest: host reaction based on alginate-cyclodextrin (Alg-CD) and adamantane-graphene oxide (Ad-GO). Here, the role of macromere concentration (10 and 12%) on the MSC function is discussed. Our hybrid hydrogels reveal a suitable oxygen pathway required for cell survival. However, this value is strongly dependent on the macromere concentrations, while the hydrogels with 12% macromere concentration (2DC12) significantly enhanced the oxygen permeability value (1.16-fold). Moreover, after two weeks of culture, rat MSCs (rMSCs) encapsulated in Alg-GO hydrogels expressed troponin T (TNT) and GATA4 markers. Noticeably, the 2DC12 hydrogels enhance rMSCs differentiation markers (1.30-times for TNT and 1.21-times for GATA4). Overall, our findings indicate that tuning the hydrogel compositions regulates the fate of encapsulated rMSCs within hydrogels. These outcomes may promote the advancement of new multifunctional platforms that consider the spatial and transient guidelines of undifferentiated cell destiny and capacity even after transplantation for heart tissue regeneration.
Highlights
GATA4 expression that graphene and its derivatives like graphene oxide (GO) Fibroblasts could cultivate celllevels, adhesion a which seems to be due to the desired mechanical properties of Alg-GO hydrogels control proliferation
This study outlines a cardio regeneration technique focused on in vitro experiments complex allowed it to inject efficiently. These hydrogels revealed a porous network with that demonstrate rat MSCs (rMSCs)’s ability to react to matrix physic-chemical properties
Our results propose that altering connected pores, mechanical and rheological properties) and inductive signals like growth the hydrogel structure can be used to modify the fate of hydrogel-encapsulated rMSCs
Summary
Ischemic coronary disease is a global medical problem that influences a large number of individuals. Every 34 s, one person dies in the United States due to cardiovascular disease [1]. Current heart failure treatments, including therapeutic and surgical procedures, could enhance quality and length of life. Even though heart attack deaths have decreased, successful therapy for ventricular dysfunctions is still lacking [2]. Cellular treatments for ischemic myocardium have risen as a promising approach. Endothelial begetter cells, embryonic stem cell myocytes, embryonic myocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in experimental designs [3,4,5,6]. Since MSCs can differentiate into cardiomyocytes, they are valuable sources for cardiac cell therapy
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