Abstract
Induction of somatic embryogenesis from tissues in unopened flower buds of cocoa was studied with respect to physiological age, type of floral explant, genotype, and medium composition and phytohormones. Two-to-three-week-old staminodes were found to be the best explants for embryogenesis. Embryogenesis was affected by genotype and sugars. Two main types of abnormalities of the embryos were observed: fusion of the hypocotyls and multiple cotyledons. These embryos have a lower rate of conversion into plantlets. Cytological analyses of somatic embryo-regenerated plants revealed a somatic chromosome number of 2 n=2 x=20, similar to seed-derived plants.
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