Abstract
A rapid, portable, and semi-quantitative immunochromatographic strip was developed for rapid and visual detection of alternariol monomethyl ether (AME). For this purpose, the anti-AME monoclonal antibody (mAb) was prepared and identified. AME coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) via methyl 4-bromobutanoate was prepared as immunogen. The recoveries of AME in spiked cherry and orange fruits determined by competitive ELISA were 86.1% and 80.7%, respectively. A colloidal gold nanoparticle (CGN) and CGNs-mAb conjugate were synthesized, and on this basis, a competitive colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip was developed and applied to the detection of AME toxin in fruit samples. The intensity of red density of the test line (T line) is inversely proportional to AME concentration in the range 0.1–10 ng/mL. The visual limit of detection (LOD) of AME was found to be about 10 ng/mL. The semi-quantitative detection can be completed in 10 min. Moreover, the immunochromatographic strip has lower cross-reactivity with AME analogues, and it has a good stability performance (following 3 months of storage). Hence, the colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip could be used as a semi-quantitative tool for the on-site, rapid, and visual detection of AME in fruit.
Highlights
Alternariol monomethyl ether (AME, 3, 7-Dihydroxy-9-methoxy-1-methyl-6H-dibenzo [b, d]pyran-6-one) is one of the major Alternaria mycotoxins
The results indicated that the colloidal gold nanoparticle (CGN) were well prepared, and anti-alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) monoclonal antibody (mAb) was successfully conjugated with CGNs
All of the results indicated that the presence of these mycotoxins (AOH, ALT, and tenuazonic acid (TeA)) in the test sample did not interfere with the detection of AME
Summary
Alternariol monomethyl ether (AME, 3, 7-Dihydroxy-9-methoxy-1-methyl-6H-dibenzo [b, d]pyran-6-one) is one of the major Alternaria mycotoxins. AME is structurally related to alternariol (AOH) and altenuene (ALT), and belongs to dibenzo-α-pyrone derivatives which are produced by Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani and some other species within the genus Alternaria [1,2]. AME is distributed all over the world and shows no acute toxic effects to the health of humans and animals [3], but it possesses the properties of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, causing high incidences of esophageal cancer [4]. It can induce DNA breaks [5].
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