Development of an Fe3O4 Surface-Grafted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Specific Recognition and Sustained Release of Salidroside

Abstract

The choice of carrier material is critical in the study of natural drug release preparations and glycosylated magnetic molecularly imprinted materials. The stiffness and softness of the carrier material affect the efficiency of drug release and the specificity of recognition. The dual adjustable aperture-ligand in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) provides the possibility of individualized design for sustained release studies. In this study, a combination of paramagnetic Fe3O4 and carboxymethyl chitosan (CC) was used to enhance the imprinting effect and improve drug delivery. A combination of tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol was used as a binary porogen to prepare MIP-doped Fe3O4-grafted CC (SMCMIP). Salidroside serves as the template, methacrylic acid acts as the functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) serves as the crosslinker. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the micromorphology of the microspheres. The structural and morphological parameters of the SMCMIP composites were measured, including the surface area and pore diameter distribution. In an in vitro study, we found that the SMCMIP composite had a sustained release property of 50% after 6 h of release time in comparison to the control SMCNIP. The total amounts of SMCMIP released at 25 °C and 37 °C were 77% and 86%, respectively. In vitro results showed that the release of SMCMIP followed Fickian kinetics, meaning that the rate of release is dependent on the concentration gradient, with diffusion coefficients ranging from 3.07 × 10-2 cm2/s to 5.66 × 10-3 cm2/s. The results of cytotoxicity experiments showed that the SMCMIP composite did not have any harmful effects on cell growth. The survival rates of intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were found to be above 98%. By using the SMCMIP composite, drugs may be delivered in a sustained manner, potentially leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects.